Candle and method relating thereto



July 12, 1932. 1,867,420

CANDLE AND METHOD RELATING THERETO Filed NOV. 10. 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet lJuly 12. 1932. H, ROOT i l,867,420'

CANDLE AND METHOD RELATING THERETO' Filed NOV. 10, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2gwuemtoa 7 44 WZDW' areas as re, iesa meant area;

HUBER H. ROOT, OF MEDINA, OHIO, ASSIGN'OR TO THE A. I. BOOT COMPANY, OFMEDINA,

OHIO, A CORPORATION OHIO CANDLE Ann mnrnon RELATING ammo Applicationfiled November 10, 193G. Serial No. 494,459.

clearly indicate, all during such time, that it is burning.

Another object is to provide an improved candle for use as part of asanctuary light, and which may be used without requiring modification ofthe present-day fixtures, such,

- for example, as the usual ruby glass, the conventional base therefor,and other ancillary parts.

A further object is to provide an improved means for preventing theformation of a deep well in the top: of the fuel body of 'a candle ofrelatively large avera e diameter,

during the critical period short candleis lighted.

Still another object is to provide a candle which will be better adaptedfor packing and y after the I shipping than are candles of the classherein essential novelty is defined by the claims.

shown, heretofore used.

Another specific object is to provide a sacramental candle, for usesay'in common types of sanctuary light equipment, etc., w 1ch candlewill not deposit soot or wax on.-the inside of the' usual glass dlesupporting base.

Other objects and novel features of the in-v vention will becomeapparent from the following description, which relates tothe-accompanying .drawings. The drawings showthe prefered forms of theapparatus, and the characteristic features of the method. The

. Inthedrawings, Fig. 1 is acentralsec- "tional view, showing a knowntype of sanctuary light globe, a conventional base and insect'guardtherefor, my improved candle being shown in place within the globe; Fig.

. 2 is afragmentary sectional view of-the up per portion of the candle,and showing, par ticularly, 'a device --for' protecting. the candleglobe or on the canwhen used in low temperatures? Fig. 3 is a sectionalview of the improved candle, showing, in diagram, the manner in whichthe can i die operates, and showing, urther, a preferred constructionfor preventing the wick from tipping over when nearly consumed;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view, illustrating 1 the condition of the fueland flame whenthe candle is, say about half consumed; Fig. 5

is a sectional view of the base portion of the candle, (nearlyconsumed), the view being taken substantially along the line 55 on Fig.3; Fig. 6 shows a modified wick support; Fig. 7 shows a modified form ofcandle, the upper portion thereof beingbroken away in centralcross-section; Figs. 8 and 9. are still other modified formsof theinvenwick, the fuel being in suitable, say elongated, .bodyform andadapted to burn in a hollow globe, either spaced, from the innersurfaces thereof horizontally (fruby cylinder type) or set into globeswhich were in the nature of cups or containers intimately-embracing thefuel material horizontally on all sides, (as though poured into andsolidified therein).

The latter arrangement of globes (lily type) have always beencharacterized by having. wide mouths, and slopingrsides usuallyif notalways permitting the solidified material to be inserted into andwithdrawn therefrom. The ruby cylinder type often requires a follower orburner. to assist in preventing dripping and the formation of deep wellsin the'fuel body, andsixch ancillary advantages of followers, and,moreover, the

need for follower devicesof some this type of light, are generallyrecognized.

. equipment" is not satisfactory, principally The other (lily) type ofsanctuary lightdoes not permit the use of a. follower, but this hasdisadvantages of its own and some in common with the ruby cylindertype-particularly the nuisance of having to laborious- 1y clean out wickand wax depositsand soot. The principal disadvantage of the lily type,however, is the formation of a deep well in the fuel body around theWick when this type of light is started burning in low. temperatures orwhere the temperature suddenly lowers at any time during the burning. Ifa deep well forms, then the light appears to have gone out though it maystill be burning and after a well is formed and the temperature suddenlyrises, then the sides of the well collapse or slide down, causing themelted fuel at the center to rise and extinguish the All thedisadvantages incident to using the prior devices above mentioned areovercome by the new arrangement hereinafter described.

In Fig. l the ruby glass is shown at A, resting at its bottom margin, ina rim 9 of a suitable base G. The bell-mouthed upper end B of the rubyglass isadapted to support a suitable reticulated insect guard indicateddiagrammatically at H. The base G has below the shouldered rim 9 anannular shoulder 9 adapted to support the usual form of candle, andwhich shoulder-I may also make use of to support the improved candle.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 10, the candle comprises a single piece glassvessel 1, having a restricted mouth at 2, at the top. The candle has awick 3; preferably centrally thereof and running the entire length ofthe vessel. The preferred wick is the conventional metal coredwick, thatis to say, one in which there is incorporated a strand of soft metal,such as lead, which metal melts as the wick burns down, but remainssolid enough at and below the charred portion, to-prevent the free endof the wick from bending over into the melted wax.

The fuel supplying body 4 may be ordinary candle wax, any wax of lowmelting point obtainable on themarket, as such, being suitable. The wax,which is melted and poured into the top of the vessel may fully orpartially fill the vessel, preferably partially, about as shown inFig. 1. r

To support the wick, when the fuel is about consumed, I preferablyemploy a suitable block of inexpensive material, such as wood, (see Fig.3 at 5), the block being apertured as at 6, to receive the lower end ofthe wick. To protect the wood from burning, as well as to weigh down theblock against floating in the melted wax and allowing the wick to tipover, there is shown-a smallplate of sheet metal 7, aperturedas at 8, toreceive the wick. In order that this plate may function to substantiallycenter the wick, with relation to the vessel, the plate may have one ofits dimensions, say its length, corresponding nearly to the insidediameter of the vessel at the bottom thereof while the width of theplate (see Fig. 5) is preferably substantially the same as the block.This wick supporting arrangement may be considerably modified. Forexample, as shown in Fig. 6, the Wooden block 9 may be covered on itstop side with a suitable coating of non-inflammable material, forexample, with waterglass, as at 10, and the block may be weighted, as bya small lead insert 12, in which case the weight of the wick supportingdevice is depended upon to hold the lower end of the wick centrally ofthe vessel.

In moulding, the preferred method is to place a dummy wick, (preferablya steel wire) in the vessel in the desired location for the wick. Thewire is of course thrust through the plate 7 and into the block 5,"thuslocating these members. The melted wax is then poured into the vessel.After the wax has hardened, the wire is withdrawn, and the wick thenfully inserted into the space left by the Wire. The wick is of coursepreviously treated to render it stiff, as by drawing the same throughparaffin.

- Referring again to the top of the vessel, it will be seen that thisconverges gradually as at 15, to the restricted mouth 2, the smallestdiameter of the mouth, as shown, being slightly below the top edge ofthe vessel. This relationship of the smallest diameter to the top edgeis not essential, but, in manufacturing the vessel, it is founddesirable to provide some sort of strengthening bead effect, as at 16;and because of this, and in order to maintain a uniform thickness ofglass, the resulting vessel is somewhat widened at the mouth, as at 17.

Various stages in candle are shown in Figs. 2 to 5. In-Fig. 2 the fuelhas been consumed to a point slightly below themost restricted portion,

2, of the vessel mouth, and at this point, under ordinary conditions, itwill be found that a pool 20 of melted wax lies. over the entire upperface of the solid wax, the depth of the pool varying in the neighborhoodof 1 3 in a vessel of the proportions shown, and having a mouthdiameter, (at 2) of about 1%". The proximity of the glass neck of thevessel to the flame conducts enough heat to the adjacent portions ofthefuel to melt the same at the top clear across and thus prevent theformation of any 'wellat this, the most critical period in the burningoperation. Now, as the candle burns down, this pool of melted waxremains of substantially uniform perature substantially constant) clearto the wall of the vessel. varies according to room temperatures, but,

The depth of melted wax.

the course of burning the increase 7 the depth, notwithstanding radicalchanges the cylindrical portion of the vessel, and

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate thdconditions existing when the candle is abouthalf and nearly entirely consumed, respectively.

It may seem surprising that the candle continues to burn below the neckof the vessel, as in Figs. 3 and 4, but apparently sufficient oxygen infresh air is drawn down into the vessel about its outer walls (seearrows m) by reason of the rapidly rising column 01 hot burned gases(see arrows 3 Of course, this rising column of burned gas diffuses inthe downwardly directed column of fresh air. Nevertheless, it is obviousthat the colder, fresh air will continue to move down, and the warm,exhausted air, upwardly, thus continually feeding the flame with oxygen.

It may now be seen, with reference to the diagrammatic illustration ofair currents in Figs. 3 and 4, that suliicient heat is imparted to theglass walls of the vessel, both by diffusion of the hot exhaust gasesand heat radiation, to insure that the wax will entirely melt oil thewalls, and not accumulate on the vessel walls, to such an extent as toobstruct the light.

When the fuel is nearl consumed, as shown in Fig. 5, the weig t of themetal plate 7 prevents the block 5 from tipping over as by floating inthe melted wax) and at the same time the. plate prevents the block fromburning. In the arrangement illustrated, substantially all the wax at 20will be drawn up over the edge of the plate 7, to the wick, leaving onlya slight residue at the bottom of the vessel, when the flame finallygoes out.

A feature of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein l haveshown means for use in cold weather,-to provide a dead air space betweenthe upper end of the vessel 1 and the. ruby glass. This may comprisesimply an annular disc of fibrous material, such as .heavy cardboard orasbestos 25, having an will serve. lln warmer weather it is ighlydesirable that air shall circulate freely in the space between thevessel 1 and the ruby glass, to keep the walls of the vesselcomparatively cool, hence the disc 25 is used or omitted, depending onexpected temperatures. Tn extremely cold weather, the canaper tabsriveted.

dle furnishes plenty of heat to insure that all the wax will be meltedaway from the inner vessel walls.

Referring now to Fig. 7, this merely illustrates that the vessel doesnothaveto be made in one piece,there being a'lower mem ber 35 and aseparate, upper neck member 36 arranged, for example, to fit into anannular shoulder 37 on the member 35.

While it is essentially desirable that the walls of the vessel 1 shallbe translucent to such an extent as to allow the flame to be seenthrough the wall of the vessel, and thence through the ruby glass, it isnot ontirely essential that all of the vessel 1 shall be translucent.For example, in Fig. 8 the v 'to form a tight fitting joint with theupper end of the vessel 43. This device has a disadvantage not presentinthe previously described arrangement, nanTely, that part of the flamecannot be seen directly when it reaches the point illustrated in Fig. 9.Moreover the metal cap is not nearly so effective in preventing Welling0f the wax in ver dificult to obtain aclose enough fit between the metaland the glass to insure that adequate heat will be conducted to the sidewalls. Further the wax cannot readily be moulded in the restrictedportion or the device to reduce the diameter of the fuel body at the topas in the case of the one piece casing according to Fig. l for example.Howe-ver, portions of the flame will stand either above or below themember 40 at all times, sufficiently, to light up the ruby glass andclearly indicate to the observer that the lamp is burning. r I

Referring to Fig. 10, it will be seen that the method of packing theimproved candle, particularly the form shown in Fig. 1, may simplyconsist in nesting a plurality of the vessels, complete with wicks andfuel bodies, in an ordinary packing container 50, there being suitablefibrous partition members 51 interposed between the vessels to preventbreakage. The advantage of this method of handling the candles will beclearly appreciated when it is considered that, ordinarily, candles mustbe packed with a great deal of care and in adequate stifieners, to

prevent breakage and distortion.

I claim:

l. A. solid fuel candle uniformly and intimately embraced by a glassbottle, and held 2. A candle comprising a fusible fuel body, a wickcontained thereby, and a relatively non-fusible translucent container offixed length having a restricted mouth, the concold weather principallybecause it is Edd rat in the bottle by the restricted mouththereof.

r te

, ceive a suitable wick.

4. A candle, comprising a relatively non fusible translucent elongatedcasing closed at the bottom and having an opening at the top, fusiblesolid fuel candle material contained therein in intimate uniform contactwith the walls thereof, and means separate from said casing and fittingthe same at the upper end thereof, restricting the opening.

5. A candle, comprising a translucent casing formed in one piece, closedat one end and having a restricted mouth .at the other, and a fusible.solid fuel body within the cascontainer, the side walls of the containerbeing brought inwardly to form a restriction embracing the upper portionof the fuel body, the restricted portion of the container intimately anduniformly embracing the side surfaces of such upper portion of the fuelbody, whereby when the candle is lighted and the upper portion of thefuel is being consumed, the restricted portion of the container willfirst confine the melted fuel in a relatively small pool and willthereafter overhang the top surfaces of the remaining solid fuel body inthe manner described to retain the heat' generated by the candle flame.

In testimonytwhereof, I hereunto afiix my signature.

HUBER H. ROOT.

ing, of greater diameter than the restricted opening and adapted to beconsumed in place by a suitable wick.

6'. A candle,' comprising a solid fusible fuel body and a suitable wick,there being a relatively deep translucent vessel embracing the body insubstantially uniform intimate contact therewith throughout the verticalheight of said body, and there being heat conducting means associatedtherewith in overhanging relation to the fuel body and joining saidvessel for conducting the heat generated at the candle flame to thevessel wall to thereby maintain the vessel walls free from unmeltedfuel.

7 In combination with a candle having an elongated fusible solid fuelbody, a rigid said body for substantially the full length thereof and insuch proximity to said body that the walls of the casing will retainthewardly in overhanging pool of melted fuel material as the candle burns,and heat conducting-means associated with the top of the casing andextending inrelation to said body to conduit the heat 0 the flame to thecasing walls and thereby prevent congealing of ffluel material on thecasing walls opposite the ame.

8. A sanctuary light comprising an outerprotective translucent hollowbody, a candle contained thereby and incorporating a fuel supplying bodyin a translucent rigid casing,

and annular removable means interposed between the upper end of saidcasing and the adjacent wall of said hollow body to form a dead pocketbelow said means.

9. A candle, comprising a relatively nonfusible translucent container offixed length, an elongated fusible fuel body adapted to be consumed by asuitable wick, said body being disposed in fixed upright position in thetranslucent casing of fixed length enclosing

